Echocardiography parameters used for patient classification
| Issue | Parameters and values |
|---|---|
| Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction | Fractional shortening <28%; ejection fraction <50%; without LV dilatation (LVIDD <55 mm) |
| Isolated left ventricular dilatation | LVIDD ≥55 mm with normal fractional shortening (≥28%) |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) | Ejection fraction <50%; fractional shortening <28%; LVIDD >55 mm, with global hypokinaesia |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | RVIDD ≥30 mm or RVIDD>LVIDD |
| Pulmonary hypertension | PASP ≥30 mm Hg and/or peak tricuspid regurgitation (VTR) >2.5 m/s: mild 30–40 mm Hg, moderate 41–50 mm Hg, severe >50 mm Hg |
| Diastolic dysfunction | Grade 1: E/A <1.0, deceleration time (DCT) >220 ms, IVRT >92 ms (<30 years), >100 ms (30–50 years), >105 ms (>50 years); grade 2: E/A 1–2, DCT 150–200 ms; grade 3: E/A >2.0, DCT <150 ms |
E/A ratio, ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; L/RVIDD, left/right ventricular internal dimension – diastole; PASP, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; VTR, velocity of tricuspid regurgitation.