Sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors of the hypertensive participants of the Dhulikhel Heart Study (n=298)
| Characteristics | All hypertensives (n=298) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (167) | Female (131) | Total (298) | p Value | |
| Age, mean (SD) (years) | 48.8 (15.5) | 52.9 (14.1) | 50.6 (15.0) | 0.018* |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.003† | |||
| Unmarried | 23 (13.7) | 36 (27.4) | 59 (19.8) | |
| Currently married | 144 (86.2) | 95 (75.5) | 239 (80.2) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.103† | |||
| Brahmin/Chhetri | 34 (20.3) | 16 (12.2) | 50 (16.7) | |
| Newar | 114 (68.2) | 93 (70.9) | 207 (69.4) | |
| Other | 19 (11.3) | 22 (16.7) | 41 (13.7) | |
| Occupation, n (%) | <0.001† | |||
| Employed | 110 (65.8) | 33 (25.1) | 143 (47.9) | |
| Unemployed | 57 (34.1) | 98 (74.8) | 155 (52.0) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001† | |||
| No formal education | 28 (16.7) | 84 (64.1) | 112 (37.5) | |
| Less than high school | 104 (62.2) | 42 (32.0) | 146 (48.9) | |
| High school or more | 35 (20.9) | 5 (3.8) | 40 (13.4) | |
| Education (mean, SD in years) | 7.8 (4.8) | 2.7 (4.2) | 5.7 (5.2) | <0.001† |
| Annual income, (mean, SD in NRs) | 20 009.5 (51 523.8) | 3066.4 (7698.6) | 12 561.4 (39 757.7) | <0.001* |
| Smoking, n (%) | <0.001† | |||
| Never | 75 (44.9) | 86 (65.5) | 161 (54.0) | |
| Former | 33 (19.7) | 24 (18.3) | 57 (19.1) | |
| Current | 59 (35.3) | 21 (16.0) | 80 (26.8) | |
| Pack years, mean (SD) | 11.3 (21.3) | 6.3 (14.8) | 9.1 (18.8) | 0.022* |
| Alcohol, n (%) | <0.001† | |||
| Never drinkers | 76 (45.5) | 99 (75.5) | 175 (58.7) | |
| Low (<1 glass/week) | 22 (13.1) | 15 (11.4) | 37 (12.4) | |
| Moderate (1–3 glass/week) | 13 (7.7) | 4 (3.0) | 17 (5.7) | |
| High (≥3 glass/week) | 56 (33.5) | 13 (9.9) | 69 (23.1) | |
| Drinks per week, mean (SD) | 14.5 (33.8) | 2.2 (9.0) | 12.2 (3.0) | <0.001* |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.854† | |||
| <600 MET min/week | 77 (46.1) | 59 (45.0) | 136 (45.6) | |
| ≥600 MET min/week | 90 (53.8) | 72 (54.9) | 162 (54.3) | |
| MET min/week, mean (SD) | 3505.6 (5484.4) | 2141.5 (3124.3) | 2906 (4641.6) | 0.011* |
| BMI categories, n (%) | 0.001† | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 6 (3.5) | 5 (3.8) | 11 (3.6) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 79 (47.3) | 36 (27.4) | 115 (38.5) | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 63 (37.7) | 56 (42.7) | 119 (39.9) | |
| Obese (≥30.0 kg/m2) | 19 (11.3) | 34 (25.9) | 53 (17.7) | |
| BMI kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.9 (3.9) | 27.1 (4.5) | 25.9 (4.3) | <0.001* |
| Fruits and vegetables consumption | 0.007† | |||
| <5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables/day | 77 (46.1) | 81 (61.8) | 158 (53.0) | |
| ≥5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables/day | 90 (53.8) | 50 (38.1) | 140 (46.9) | |
*Unpaired t-test.
†χ2 test.
BMI, body mass index; MET min, metabolic equivalent minutes; NR, Nepalese rupee.