Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth
factor β superfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions …

The adoption of the Western-style diet, with decreased fish intake and lack of exercise, has
increased the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Japan. Statin treatment has …

As locally converted estrogen from testicular testosterone contributes to apparent androgen
activity, the physiological significance of androgen receptor (AR) function in the beneficial …

Testicular testosterone produced during a critical perinatal period is thought to masculinize
and defeminize the male brain from the inherent feminization program and induce male …

Vitamin D metabolites influence the expression of various genes involved in calcium
homeostasis, cell differentiation, and regulation of the immune system. Expression of these …

The physiological and beneficial actions of vitamin D in bone health have been
experimentally and clinically proven in mammals. The active form of vitamin D [1α, 25 (OH) …

Background: Increased serum lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] is an independent risk factor for
atherosclerosis. We previously reported that aspirin reduced Lp (a) production by cultured …

Androgen has anabolic effects on cardiac myocytes and has been shown to enhance left
ventricular enlargement and function. However, the physiological and patho-physiological …

Background It is unknown whether canagliflozin, a selective sodium glucose co-transporter
2 inhibitor, reduces epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness, which is associated with …

Abstract Aims/Introduction Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs), which are a major
cause of diabetic vascular complications, accumulate in various tissues under chronic …