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Original research
Association of school hours with outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in schoolchildren
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  1. Akira Yamashita1,2,
  2. Hisanori Kurosaki1,
  3. Kohei Takada1,
  4. Yoshio Tanaka1,3,
  5. Yoshitaka Hamada4,
  6. Tetsuya Ishita5,
  7. Minoru Kubo6,
  8. Hideo Inaba1
  1. 1Department of Circulatory Emergency and Resuscitation Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
  2. 2Department of Cardiology, Noto General Hospital, Nanao, Japan
  3. 3Emergency Medical Centre, Ishikawa Prefecture Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
  4. 4Department of Neurosurgery, Suzu General Hospital, Suzu, Japan
  5. 5Department of Surgery, Kaga Medical Centre, Kaga, Japan
  6. 6Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing School, Kanazawa, Japan
  1. Correspondence to Professor Hideo Inaba, Department of Circulatory Emergency and Resuscitation Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan; hidinaba{at}med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

Abstract

Objective To investigate the association of school hours with outcomes of schoolchildren with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods From the 2005–2014 nationwide databases, we extracted the data for 1660 schoolchildren (6–17 years) with bystander-witnessed OHCA. Univariate analyses followed by propensity-matching procedures and stepwise logistic regression analyses were applied. School hours were defined as 08:00 to 18:00.

Results The neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate during school hours was better than that during non-school hours only on school days: 18.4% and 10.5%, respectively. During school hours on school days, patients with OHCA more frequently received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and public access defibrillation (PAD), and had a shockable initial rhythm and presumed cardiac aetiology. The neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate did not significantly differ between school hours on school days and all other times of day after propensity score matching: 16.4% vs 16.1% (unadjusted OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.51). Stepwise logistic regression analysis during school hours on school days revealed that shockable initial rhythm (adjusted OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.12 to 5.42), PAD (adjusted OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.23 to 9.10), non-exogenous causes (adjusted OR 5.88; 95% CI 1.85 to 20.0) and a shorter emergency medical service (EMS) response time (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32) and witness-to-first CPR interval (adjusted OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15) were major factors associated with an improved neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate.

Conclusions School hours are not an independent factor associated with improved outcomes of OHCA in schoolchildren. The time delays in CPR and EMS arrival were independently associated with poor outcomes during school hours on school days.

  • children
  • school hours
  • out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
  • bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • automated external defibrillators
  • survival

https://doi.org/10.1136/heartasia-2019-011236

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    Footnotes

    • Presented at Part of this study was presented at ERC Congress 2018, 21 and 22 September, Bologna, and its abstract was published in Supplement Issue of Resuscitation as e-publication.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Ethics approval Ishikawa Medical Control Council Review Board

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.