Baseline characteristics of the study subjects
| Variables | Metabolic abnormality present (n=301) | Metabolic abnormality absent (n=1058) | ||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Height (cm)* | 168.16±6.74 | 155.44±5.63 | 166.17±7.55 | 155.23±5.87 |
| Weight (kg)* | 62.29±13.27 | 50.31±11.07 | 56.41±10.87 | 50.40±10.37 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 21.99±4.33 | 20.80±4.31 | 20.83±3.81 | 20.92±4.16 |
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 72.55±11.11 | 69.00±9.56 | 68.17±8.66 | 68.09±8.81 |
| Waist:hip ratio* | 0.83±0.07 | 0.76±0.06 | 0.81±0.06 | 0.78±0.07 |
| Skin fold:subscapular (cm)† | 0.96 (0.12 to 3.88) | 1.1 (0.52 to 3.50) | 0.84 (0.11 to 4.10) | 1.10 (0.07 to 3.10) |
| Skin fold:triceps (cm)† | 0.90 (0.10 to 3.80) | 1.60 (0.40 to 4.00) | 0.75 (0.12 to 4.00) | 1.32 (0.06 to 3.60) |
| Skin fold:abdomen (cm)† | 1.2 (0.10 to 4.44) | 1.71 (0.24 to 5.00) | 0.90 (0.11 to 5.00) | 1.4 (0.05 to 4.00) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)* | 125.09±15.40 | 112.73±13.39 | 117.41±12.46 | 111.08±12.05 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)* | 77.63±12.07 | 73.13±11.56 | 71.49±9.13 | 72.23±9.46 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl)* | I00.99±11.39 | 109.68±10.34 | 91.77±10.24 | 91.37±10.32 |
| Postprandial blood sugar (mg/dl)* | 100.03±20.45 | 100.16±21.79 | 95.07±16.79 | 92.82±17.08 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l)† | 148 (47 to 313) | 150 (87 to 252) | 145 (78 to 286) | 153 (56 to 281) |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l)† | 116 (29 to 408) | 81 (37 to 313) | 73 (20 to 345) | 68 (30 to 501) |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/l)† | 36 (17 to 93) | 41.5 (27 to 64) | 39 (18 to 215) | 50 (16 to 117) |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/l)† | 86 (18 to 206) | 93.5 (43 to 180) | 80 (21 to 204) | 76 (27 to 184) |
| Smoking‡ | 13 (6.7%) | 0 | 38 (4.7%) | 0 |
| Family history of diabetes‡ | 38 (19.7%) | 30 (27.8%) | 144 (18%) | 55 (21.4%) |
| Family history of hypertension‡ | 21 (10.9%) | 12 (11.1%) | 76 (9.5%) | 41 (16%) |
| Family history of ischemic heart disease‡ | 3 (1.6%) | 0 | 6 (0.7%) | 5 (1.9%) |
| Consanguineous parentage‡ | 51 (26.4%) | 23 (21.3%) | 209 (26.1%) | 66 (25.7%) |
Metabolic abnormality is referred to if an individual satisfies two or more of the following: triglycerides was ≥150 mg/dl (>1.7 mmol/l), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was <40 mg/dl (<1.03 mmol/l), fasting plasma glucose was ≥100 mg/dl (≥5.6 mmol/l), or blood pressure was ≥130/≥85 mm Hg.
↵* Mean±SD.
↵† Median (minimum–maximum).
↵‡ Frequency (percentage).