Demographic characteristics of study sample depicted as frequency (%)
| Disease status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |||||
| Variable | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls |
| Age | ||||||
| 35–40 | 52 (27.4) | 99 (26.1) | 27 (22.7) | 56 (23.4) | 25 (35.2) | 43 (30.5) |
| 41–45 | 38 (20.0) | 74 (19.5) | 29 (24.4) | 45 (18.8) | 9 (12.7) | 29 (20.6) |
| 46–50 | 52 (27.4) | 114 (30.0) | 32 (26.9) | 84 (35.1) | 20 (28.2) | 30 (21.3) |
| 51–50 | 48 (25.3) | 98 (24.5) | 31 (26.1) | 54 (22.6) | 17 (23.9) | 39 (27.7) |
| Mean age | (46.19) | (46.06) | (46.47) | (46.24) | (45.73) | (45.74) |
| Education | ||||||
| 10 or less years | 126 (66.3) | 160 (42.1) | 79 (66.4) | 94 (39.3) | 47 (66.2) | 66 (46.8) |
| 12–14 years | 57 (30.0) | 173 (45.5) | 34 (28.6) | 113 (47.3) | 23 (32.4) | 60 (42.6) |
| 16 or more years | 7 (3.7) | 36 (18.9) | 6 (5.0) | 32 (13.4) | 1 (1.4) | 15 (10.6) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Business | 6 (3.2) | 47 (12.4) | 6 (5.0) | 46 (19.2) | 3 (4.2) | 1 (0.7) |
| Government | 36 (18.9) | 94 (24.7) | 33 (27.7) | 81 (33.9) | – | 13 (9.2) |
| Private | 36 (18.9) | 66 (17.4) | 31 (26.1) | 51 (21.3) | 5 (7.0) | 15 (10.6) |
| Self-employed | 36 (18.9) | 43 (11.3) | 34 (28.6) | 39 (16.3) | 2 (2.8) | 4 (2.8) |
| Agriculture | 10 (5.3) | 13 (3.4) | 10 (8.4) | 12 (5.0) | – | 1 (0.7) |
| Not working | 4 (2.1) | 5 (1.3) | 2 (1.7) | 4 (1.7) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) |
| Retired | 3 (1.6) | 4 (1.1) | 3 (2.5) | 4 (1.7) | – | – |
| Housewife | 59 (31.1) | 108 (28.4) | – | 2 (0.8) | 59 (83.1) | 106 (75.2) |
| Monthly income* | ||||||
| 12000 and less | 67 (35.3) | 80 (21.1) | 40 (33.6) | 55 (23.0) | 27 (38.0) | 25 (17.7) |
| 12000–20000 | 67 (35.3) | 107 (28.2) | 43 (36.1) | 66 (27.6) | 24 (33.8) | 41 (29.1) |
| 20000–35000 | 27 (14.2) | 98 (25.8) | 18 (15.1) | 63 (26.4) | 9 (12.7) | 35 (24.8) |
| 35000 and above | 29 (15.3) | 95 (25.0) | 18 (15.1) | 55 (23.0) | 11 (15.5) | 40 (28.4) |
| Mean income** | 21519.47 | 30565.19 | 22001.68 | 31348.40 | 20711.26 | 29237.58 |
| Median income | 15000.00 | 21561.50 | 15000.00 | 20000.00 | 15000.00 | 25000.00 |
| Personal property | ||||||
| Owned | 87 (45.8) | 218 (57.4) | 66 (55.5) | 151 (63.2) | 21 (29.6) | 67 (47.5) |
| Not owned | 103 (54.2) | 162 (42.6) | 53 (44.5) | 88 (36.8) | 50 (70.4) | 74 (52.5) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 174 (91.6) | 333 (87.6) | 113 (95.0) | 216 (90.4) | 61 (85.9) | 117 (83.0) |
| Not married | 10 (5.3) | 26 (6.8) | 4 (3.4) | 15 (6.3) | 6 (8.5) | 11 (7.8) |
| Engaged | – | 4 (1.1) | – | 3 (1.3) | – | 1 (0.7) |
| Divorced | 1 (0.5) | 5 (1.3) | 1 (0.8) | 4 (1.7) | – | 1 (0.7) |
| Widowed | 5 (2.6) | 12 (3.2) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (.4) | 4 (5.6) | 11 (7.8) |
| Family system | ||||||
| Nuclear | 107 (56.3) | 202 (53.2) | 68 (57.1) | 124 (51.9) | 39 (54.9) | 78 (55.3) |
| Joint | 83 (43.7) | 178 (46.8) | 51 (42.9) | 115 (48.1) | 32 (45.1) | 63 (44.7) |
| Living | ||||||
| Rural | 50 (26.3) | 95 (25.0) | 31 (26.1) | 59 (24.7) | 19 (26.8) | 36 (25.5) |
| Urban | 140 (73.7) | 285 (75.0) | 88 (73.9) | 180 (75.3) | 52 (73.2) | 105 (74.5) |
| Household size | ||||||
| <5 | 29 (15.3) | 59 (15.5) | 19 (16.0) | 40 (16.7) | 10 (14.1) | 19 (13.5) |
| 5–7 | 75 (39.5) | 167 (43.9) | 48 (40.3) | 112 (46.9) | 27 (38.0) | 55 (39.0) |
| 8–9 | 39 (20.5) | 85 (22.4) | 25 (21.0) | 51 (21.3) | 14 (19.7) | 34 (24.1) |
| >9 | 47 (24.7) | 69 (18.2) | 27 (22.7) | 36 (15.1) | 20 (28.2) | 33 (23.4) |
*Monthly income is expressed in Pakistani currency (Rupees).
**Mean income is the average income of the family. Besides the mean income the median income was considered as it is a better indicator than the mean household income as it is not dramatically affected by unusually high or low values as found in our data collected for monthly income.