Characteristics of the study population*
| Variable | Male (n=2031) | Female (n=1977) | Total (n=4008) | p Value |
| Age, years | 43.9 (8.1) | 43.5 (7.5) | 43.7 (7.8) | 0.069 |
| Current smoking | 606 (29.8) | 3 (0.2) | 609 (15.2) | <0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.0 (2.5) | 22.0 (2.5) | 23.0 (2.7) | <0.001* |
| <24 | 1010 (49.7) | 1576 (79.7) | 2586 (64.5) | |
| 24 to 27 | 901 (44.4) | 361 (18.3) | 1262 (31.5) | |
| ≥28 | 120 (5.9) | 40 (2.0) | 160 (4.0) | |
| Diabetes | 92 (4.5) | 43 (2.2) | 135 (3.4) | <0.001* |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/litre | 5.16 (0.86) | 4.98 (0.68) | 5.07 (0.78) | <0.001* |
| <6.1 | 1878 (92.6) | 1898 (96.0) | 3776 (94.3) | |
| 6.1 to 6.9 | 100 (4.9) | 54 (2.7) | 154 (3.8) | |
| ≥7.0 | 51 (2.5) | 25 (1.3) | 76 (1.9) | |
| Hypertension | 341 (16.8) | 165 (8.3) | 506 (12.6) | <0.001* |
| SBP/DBP, mm Hg | 121.8 (10.0)/78.1 (7.5) | 113.5 (12.1)/72.9 (8.5) | 117.7 (11.9)/75.5 (8.4) | <0.001* |
| <130/<80 | 820 (40.4) | 1301 (65.8) | 2121 (52.9) | |
| 130 to 139/80 to 89 | 1016 (50.0) | 591 (29.9) | 1607 (40.1) | |
| ≥140/≥90 | 195 (9.6) | 85 (4.3) | 280 (7.0) | |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 917 (45.2) | 523 (26.5) | 1440 (35.9) | <0.001* |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/litre | 4.80 (0.89) | 4.65 (0.85) | 4.73 (0.88) | <0.001* |
| <5.17 | 1436 (71.0) | 1508 (76.7) | 2944 (73.8) | |
| 5.17 to 5.71 | 293 (14.5) | 267 (13.6) | 560 (14.0) | |
| ≥5.72 | 293 (14.5) | 190 (9.7) | 483 (12.1) | |
| LDL-C, mmol/litre | 2.81 (0.77) | 2.63 (0.70) | 2.72 (0.74) | <0.001 |
| <3.13 | 1415 (70.2) | 1561 (79.4) | 2976 (74.8) | |
| 3.13 to 3.63 | 331 (16.4) | 239 (12.2) | 570 (14.3) | |
| ≥3.64 | 270 (13.4) | 165 (8.4) | 435 (10.9) | |
| HDL-C, mmol/litre | 1.30 (0.37) | 1.46 (0.36) | 1.38 (0.37) | <0.001 |
| <1.04 | 463 (22.8) | 208 (10.5) | 671 (16.7) | |
| ≥1.04 | 1568 (77.2) | 1769 (89.5) | 3337 (83.3) |
Data shown as mean (SD) or n (%).
↵* Denotes significantly different between men and women.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.