Characteristics of patients with de novo heart failure (HF) and pre-existing HF
| Characteristic | De novo HF | Pre-existing HF | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic characteristics | |||
| Males | 37 | 21 | 0..363 |
| Females | 23 | 19 | |
| EF% | 40.70 | 39.58 | 0.096 |
| Number of Hospitalised days | 5.85 | 4.96 | 0.052 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 17 | 23 | 0.004 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 | 3 | 0.606 |
| Precipitating factors | |||
| Ischaemia | 25 | 12 | 0.071 |
| Anaemia | 24 | 17 | 0.083 |
| Arrhythmia | 5 | 6 | 0.786 |
| Worsening renal function | 6 | 3 | 0.754 |
| Exposure to environmental stress | 0 | 3 | 0.003 |
| Causative factors | |||
| IHD | 28 | 26 | 0.132 |
| Hypertension | 22 | 18 | 0.608 |
| Arrhythmias-AF | 1 | 2 | 0.565 |
| Valvular lesions | 10 | 8 | 0.662 |
| Drugs | |||
| ACE I/ARB | 2 | 19 | 0.000 |
| Spironolactone | 0 | 12 | 0.000 |
| β-blockers | 0 | 39 | 0.000 |
EF, ejection fraction; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.