HRs and 95% CIs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to changes in ECG abnormalities in Code4
| Minnesota Code | At entry | After 10 years annual examination | No. at risk | Stroke | Coronary heart disease | Total CVD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code4 | No | → | None | 6759 | Cases | 586 (reference) | 197 (reference) | 769 (reference) |
| No | → | Minor | 1182 | Cases | 133 | 38 | 165 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 1.38 (1.14 –1.67)** | 1.30 (0.91–1.85) | 1.33 (1.12–1.58)** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 1.23 (1.02–1.50)* | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 1.19 (1.00–1.42)* | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 1.22 (1.00–1.48)* | 1.14 (0.80–1.64) | 1.17 (0.99–1.40) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 1.20 (0.99–1.47) | 1.11 (0.77–1.60) | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | |||||
| No | → | Major | 237 | Cases | 32 | 10 | 41 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 1.54 (1.08–2.20)* | 1.48 (0.78–2.80) | 1.50 (1.10–2.06)* | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 1.19 (0.82–1.71) | 1.17 (0.61–2.24) | 1.17 (0.85–1.62) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 1.14 (0.79–1.65) | 1.09 (0.57–2.09) | 1.12 (0.81–1.55) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 1.08 (0.75–1.56) | 1.05 (0.54–2.02) | 1.06 (0.77–1.47) | |||||
| Minor | → | No | 283 | Cases | 25 | 9 | 33 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 1.22 (0.81–1.82) | 1.39 (0.71–2.72) | 1.25 (0.88–1.78) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 1.08 (0.72–1.61) | 1.18 (0.60–2.33) | 1.11 (0.78–1.58) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 1.08 (0.72–1.63) | 1.18 (0.60–2.33) | 1.12 (0.79–1.60) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 1.07 (0.71–1.61) | 1.22 (0.61–2.41) | 1.12 (0.78–1.59) | |||||
| Minor | → | Minor | 397 | Cases | 50 | 15 | 64 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 1.40 (1.05–1.88)* | 1.37 (0.81–2.34) | 1.41 (1.09–1.83)** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 1.12 (0.83–1.51) | 1.18 (0.69–2.02) | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 1.10 (0.81–1.48) | 1.17 (0.68–2.01) | 1.13 (0.87–1.47) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 1.07 (0.79–1.44) | 1.14 (0.66–1.96) | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) | |||||
| Minor | → | Major | 226 | Cases | 35 | 12 | 47 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 2.00 (1.41–2.81)*** | 2.13 (1.18–3.84)* | 2.08 (1.54–2.80)*** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 1.46 (1.03–2.08)* | 1.72 (0.94–3.16) | 1.57 (1.15–2.12)** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 1.44 (1.01–2.06)* | 1.56 (0.84–2.90) | 1.52 (1.11–2.07)** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 1.41 (0.98–2.02) | 1.50 (0.81–2.80) | 1.47 (1.08–2.01)* | |||||
| Major | → | No | 24 | Cases | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 1.16 (0.29–4.63) | 3.77 (0.94–15.22) | 1.86 (0.70–4.96) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 0.93 (0.23–3.76) | 2.58 (0.63–10.53) | 1.48 (0.55–3.96) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 0.95 (0.24–3.82) | 2.61 (0.64–10.67) | 1.50 (0.56–4.03) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 0.97 (0.24–3.92) | 2.56 (0.62–10.49) | 1.52 (0.57–4.07) | |||||
| Major | → | Minor | 56 | Cases | 10 | 1 | 11 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 1.95 (1.04–3.64)* | 0.64 (0.09–4.58) | 1.67 (0.92–3.03) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 1.56 (0.83–2.93) | 0.46 (0.06–3.31) | 1.33 (0.73–2.42) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 1.52 (0.81–2.88) | 0.41 (0.06–2.95) | 1.28 (0.70–2.35) | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 1.47 (0.78–2.78) | 0.39 (0.05–2.80) | 1.24 (0.68–2.27) | |||||
| Major | → | Major | 210 | Cases | 49 | 16 | 62 | |
| Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted HR (model 1) | 2.77 (2.06–3.72)*** | 2.86 (1.70–4.80)*** | 2.75 (2.11–3.57)*** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 2) | 1.80 (1.32–2.47)*** | 2.18 (1.26–3.77)** | 1.87 (1.42–2.47)*** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 3) | 1.66 (1.19–2.30)** | 1.90 (1.08–3.36)* | 1.70 (1.28–2.28)*** | |||||
| Multivariate-adjusted HR (model 4) | 1.51 (1.08–2.10)* | 1.81 (1.02–3.21)* | 1.58 (1.18–2.12)** |
Model 2: covariates were age, gender, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, body mass index, smoking category (never, past or current smokers), alcohol intake category (never, past, current <46, current ≥46 g/day), serum total cholesterol and diabetic type.
Model 3: covariates comprised model 2 plus other ECG abnormalities (high R-wave, ventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation) at study entry.
Model 4: covariates comprised model 3 plus changes in other ECG abnormalities (high R-wave, ventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation) during follow-up.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.