Author, publication year, title | Country (coverage) | Study period | Data source | Study population | Metric | Burden estimates* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Korea | ||||||
Bae et al, 19878 The frequency distribution of cardiovascular diseases in 13 hospital admitted patients in Korea | South Korea (facility) | 1985 | Hospital discharge summary diagnosis data (WHO 1977 classification chronic RHD: ICD codes 393-398) | 25 939 cardiovascular inpatients aged >15 years at 13 facilities | RHD frequency among total cardiovascular admissions | 4.9% (n=1278) males 3.8% (n=528), females 6.2% (n=750) |
Seo et al, 20139 The economic burden of rheumatic heart disease in South Korea | South Korea (national) | 2008 | Claims data from National Health Insurance Corporation of Korea (ICD-10 codes IO1-IO9) | General population, all ages | RHD prevalence in the general population | 220.50 per 100 000 males 143.04 per 100 000 (n=34 924) females 298.67 per 100 000 (n=72 252) Age specific prevalence rates, both sexes: 0-19 years 10.27 per 100 000 20-59 years 168.78 per 100 000 60+years 791.07 per 100 000 |
Jang et al, 201410 Changes in the etiology of valvular heart disease in the rapidly aging Korean population | South Korea (national) | 2006–2011 | Korean National Health Insurance data (ICD-10 codes 105.0–2, 105.8, 105.9; 106.0–2, 106.8, 106.9) | General population | RHD prevalence in the general population | Age adjusted cumulative prevalence: 2006: 74.4 per 100 000, 95% CI 73.4–75.4 (n=22 744) 2011: 71.8 per 100 000, 95% CI 70.8–72.8 (n=21 496) Age specific prevalence rates per 100 000 (95% CI), both sexes, 2011: 20–44 years: 6.8 (6.6–7.1) 45–64 years: 31.9 (31.3–32.5) 65+ years: 33.0 (32.3–33.7) |
Lee et al, 201511 Thirty-year trends in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Korea | South Korea (national) | 1983–2012 | Cause of death data from Statistics Korea (ICD-10 codes ARF and chronic RHD I00-IO9) | General population | Crude ARF/RHD mortality rates | 1983: Males 0.3 per 100,000 Females: 0.5 per 100,000 2012: males 0.2 per 100,000 females 0.7 per 100,000 |
Hong Kong | ||||||
Woo et al, 198312 The changing prevalence and pattern of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Hong Kong – (1968–1978) | Hong Kong (facility) | 1968–1978 | Admissions data from annual reports of Medical and Health Services Department of Hong Kong (ICD [1965 revision]: RHD codes 393–398) | Hospital population (government + government assisted hospitals − 87% of all hospital beds in Hong Kong) | RHD frequency among hospital admissions | RHD prevalence in hospital admissions 1968: 0.65% 1977: 0.51% RHD prevalence in medical admissions 1968: 2.2% 1977: 1.5% |
1968–1978 | Registry of all cardiac patients admitted to a paediatric unit and medical unit at two hospitals | Hospital population (adult, paediatric) | RHD frequency among hospital admissions | RHD prevalence in adult medical admissions 1969: 6.8% 1978: 3.4% RHD prevalence in adult cardiac admissions 1968: 51.6% 1978: 35.9% RHD prevalence in paediatric admissions 1973: 0.98% (ARF+RHD:2.2%) 1977: 0.67% (ARF+RHD: 1.6%) RHD prevalence in paediatric cardiac admissions 1973: 34.9% 1977: 26.5% | ||
(national) | 1972–1978 | Compulsory medical examination records for all freshmen entering one university | 7152 university students, ages 18-30 | RHD prevalence among university students | Average annual RHD prevalence ranged from 0.13% to 0.59%, average 0.31% | |
Woo and Vallance-Owen, 198813 Changing prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular diseases in Hong Kong. A perspective in the 1990s | Hong Kong (facility) | 1969–1985 | Annual reports of medical and health services department (1969–78 used ICD 8; 1979–85 used ICD 9) | Hospital population (government and government-assisted hospitals – 88.9% of all hospital beds in Hong Kong) | RHD frequency among hospital admissions | RHD prevalence among hospital population 1969: 5.3 per 1000 1985: 3.1 per 1000 RHD prevalence among medical admissions 1969: 21.1 per 1000 1985: 9.1 per 1000 |
1969–1987 | Registry of all cardiovascular patients admitted to a medical unit and a cardiac unit at 2 hospitals | Hospital population | RHD frequency among hospital admissions | RHD prevalence among medical admissions 1969: 6.8% or 68 per 1000 1985: 3.4% or 34 per 1000 RHD prevalence among cardiovascular admissions 1969: 50.8% or 508 per 1000 1985: 8.8% or 88 per 1000 | ||
Japan | ||||||
Kawakita, 198614 Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Japan | Japan (national) | 1960–1981 | Death Statistics | Total population | RHD death counts | No rates or proportions provided but dramatic decrease in absolute numbers. |
(facility) | 1968–1981 | Hospital admissions data | Cardiac patients | RHD frequency among cardiac admissions | Data presented graphically only: reflects decreasing contribution of RHD and increasing contribution of ischemic heart disease to total cardiac admissions | |
(national) | 1958–1981 | Annual school survey (methods not stated) | School children aged 6-15 years 1958: n=26 000 1961: n=131 377 1971: n=1 135 732 1981: n=524 999 | RHD prevalence in school children | 1958: 4.6 per 1000 1961: 2.1 per 1000 1971: 0.27 per 1000 1981: 0.14 per 1000 | |
(subnational - Osaka) | 1958-1981 | Annual survey of heart disease | Primary and secondary school children | RHD prevalence in primary and secondary school children | 1958: 4.6 per 1000 1961: 2.1 per 1000 1971: 0.2 per 1000 1981: 0.1 per 1000 | |
Takahashi et al,201715 Heart disease mortality in the Life Span Study, 1950-2008 | Japan (subnational) | 1950–2008 | Mortality data abstracted from death certificates (ICD-7 to ICD-10) and Japanese National Family Registration (koseki) system | Follow up of 86,600 Life Span Study cohort members | RHD as a percentage of total deaths | 223 RHD deaths of 55 654 total deaths=0.4% |
RHD as a percentage of heart disease deaths | 223 RHD deaths of 9303 cardiac deaths = 2.4% | |||||
Takamori et al, 201716 Mortality analysis of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort taking into account multiple causes of death indicated in death certificates | Japan (subnational) | 1950–2003 | Mortality data abstracted from death certificates (ICD-7 to ICD-10) and Japanese National Family Registration (koseki) system | Follow up of 86 611 Life Span Study cohort subjects | RHD as a percentage of circulatory deaths | 1950–1976: 173 of 9035 circulatory disease deaths (1.9%) 1977–2003: 84 of 10,017 circulatory disease deaths (0.84%). |
Singapore | ||||||
Sheares et al, 198117 Surgical management of rheumatic heart disease in Singapore | Singapore (national) | 1966–1977 | Mortality data | General population | RHD mortality rate | 1966: 3.6 per 100,000 1977: 4.4 per 100,000 1978: Ratio ischemic heart disease to RHD deaths =1749/96=18.2 Substantial increase in ratio 1962–1978 shown graphically |
Loh et al, 199418 Maternal mortality: evolving trends | Singapore (facility) | 1986-1992 | Maternal death data for deaths occurring in an obstetric unit | Review of all maternal deaths among 26 173 deliveries during study period. | RHD mortality rates among obstetric population | RHD mortality rate = 1/26 173 = 3.8 per 100 000 deliveries |
*Where multiple estimates were reported, for temporal trends the earliest and latest data were extracted; age-specific or sex-specific estimates are presented for the most recent year.
ARF, acute rheumatic fever; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; ICD, International Classification of Diseases