Patient characteristics, clinical measures, length of hospitalisation and revascularisation according to ACS diagnosis, receipt of optimum secondary prevention medications at discharge and attendance at cardiac rehabilitation postdischarge
| Overall n=6859 | ACS diagnosis | P values | Receipt of secondary prevention medications (at discharge) | P values | Attendance at cardiac rehabilitation (at 6 months) | P values | |||||
| STEMI n=2078 | NSTEMI n=3324 | Unstable angina n=1457 | ≥75% of medications n=6088 | <75% of medications n=771 | Yes n=2607 | No n=4252 | |||||
| Demographics | |||||||||||
| Age, years | 65±13 | 62±13 | 66±13 | 67±12 | <0.001 | 64.3±13.0 | 67.6±13.8 | <0.001 | 62.9±11.7 | 65.8±13.8 | <0.001 |
| Women | 1966 (29) | 498 (24) | 1005 (30) | 463 (32) | <0.001 | 1681 (28) | 285 (37) | <0.001 | 620 (24) | 1346 (32) | <0.001 |
| English as first language | 5758 (84) | 1762 (85) | 2786 (84) | 1210 (83) | 0.42 | 5088 (84) | 670 (87) | 0.05 | 2307 (88) | 3451 (81) | <0.001 |
| Indigenous ethnicity | 465 (7) | 119 (6) | 228 (7) | 118 (8) | 0.04 | 418 (7) | 47 (6) | 0.39 | 99 (4) | 366 (9) | <0.001 |
| Impaired mobility | 534 (8) | 80 (4) | 331 (10) | 123 (8) | <0.001 | 456 (7) | 78 (10) | 0.01 | 91 (3) | 443 (10) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 2006 (29) | 282 (14) | 999 (30) | 725 (50) | <0.001 | 1805 (30) | 201 (26) | 0.04 | 539 (21) | 1467 (35) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 1426 (21) | 207 (10) | 616 (19) | 603 (41) | <0.001 | 1317 (22) | 109 (14) | <0.001 | 426 (16) | 1000 (24) | <0.001 |
| CABG | 791 (12) | 57 (3) | 432 (13) | 302 (21) | <0.001 | 720 (12) | 71 (9) | 0.03 | 178 (7) | 613 (14) | <0.001 |
| Stroke/TIA | 465 (7) | 85 (4) | 255 (8) | 125 (9) | <0.001 | 399 (7) | 66 (9) | 0.04 | 122 (5) | 343 (8) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 503 (7) | 49 (2) | 321 (10) | 133 (9) | <0.001 | 401 (7) | 102 (13) | <0.001 | 114 (4) | 389 (9) | <0.001 |
| PAD | 412 (6) | 70 (3) | 247 (7) | 95 (7) | <0.001 | 356 (6) | 56 (7) | 0.12 | 101 (4) | 311 (7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1837 (27) | 397 (19) | 964 (29) | 476 (33) | <0.001 | 1655 (27) | 182 (24) | 0.04 | 590 (23) | 1247 (29) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 4260 (62) | 1027 (50) | 2144 (65) | 1089 (75) | <0.001 | 3805 (63) | 455 (59) | 0.06 | 1507 (58) | 2753 (65) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 3892 (57) | 886 (43) | 1918 (58) | 1088 (75) | <0.001 | 3518 (58) | 374 (49) | <0.001 | 1379 (53) | 2513 (59) | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure | 550 (8) | 85 (4) | 329 (10) | 136 (9) | <0.001 | 467 (8) | 83 (11) | 0.003 | 120 (5) | 430 (10) | <0.001 |
| Family history of heart disease* | 2375 (35) | 777 (37) | 1141 (34) | 457 (31) | <0.001 | 2136 (35) | 239 (31) | 0.03 | 1045 (40) | 1330 (31) | <0.001 |
| Documented clinical measures | |||||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7±2.0 | 4.8±1.5 | 4.7±2.1 | 4.3±2.3 | <0.001 | 4.7±2.0 | 4.5±1.3 | 0.03 | 4.7±1.7 | 4.6±2.2 | 0.04 |
| ≥4.5 mmol/L | 2507 (37) | 976 (47) | 1237 (37) | 294 (20) | <0.001 | 2274 (37) | 233 (30) | <0.001 | 1145 (44) | 1362 (32) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.7±1.5 | 2.9±2.9 | 2.7±1.2 | 2.3±1.1 | <0.001 | 2.7±1.5 | 2.7±1.7 | 0.58 | 2.8±1.8 | 2.6±1.3 | <0.001 |
| ≥2.5 mmol/L | 2298 (34) | 946 (46) | 1115 (34) | 237 (16) | <0.001 | 2079 (34) | 219 (28) | 0.002 | 1080 (41) | 1218 (29) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 140.8±27.0 | 137.5±27.5 | 142.9±27.2 | 141.0±25.2 | <0.001 | 141.2±27.0 | 138.1±27.3 | 0.003 | 140.8±26.7 | 140.9±27.2 | 0.85 |
| ≥140 mm Hg | 3443 (50) | 926 (45) | 1777 (53) | 740 (51) | <0.001 | 3106 (51) | 337 (44) | 0.001 | 1310 (50) | 2133 (50) | 0.95 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.9±6.4 | 28.5±6.2 | 29.1±6.7 | 29.4±6.2 | 0.002 | 29.0±6.4 | 28.3±6.7 | 0.009 | 29.1±6.1 | 28.8±6.6 | 0.10 |
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 3559 (52) | 1115 (54) | 1758 (53) | 686 (47) | <0.001 | 3195 (52) | 364 (47) | 0.006 | 1561 (60) | 1998 (47) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 1902 (28) | 813 (39) | 849 (26) | 240 (17) | <0.001 | 1742 (29) | 160 (21) | <0.001 | 710 (27) | 1192 (28) | 0.43 |
| GRACE risk score | 106±30 | 112±29 | 107±31 | 93±27 | <0.001 | 105±30 | 112±33 | <0.001 | 103±28 | 107±31 | <0.001 |
| Length of stay for index admission, days | 6.8±15.8 | 6.6±13.1 | 7.6±18.7 | 5.3±11.5 | <0.001 | 6.4±16.2 | 9.7±11.3 | <0.001 | 7.1±20.5 | 6.6±12.0 | 0.19 |
| Revascularisation at admission | 3795 (55) | 1719 (83) | 1719 (52) | 357 (25) | <0.001 | 3569 (59) | 226 (29) | <0.001 | 1896 (73) | 1899 (45) | <0.001 |
Data are given as n (%) or mean±SD.
*Defined as one or more of the patient’s first relatives (parent or sibling) diagnosed with coronary heart disease, including angina, myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death, without obvious cause before the age of 55 years for men and 65 years for women.
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; GRACE, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.