Factors | All | Men | Women | |||
Univariable analysis OR (95% CI) | Multivariable analysis* OR (95% CI) | Univariable analysis OR (95% CI) | Multivariable analysis* OR (95% CI) | Univariable analysis OR (95% CI) | Multivariable analysis* OR (95% CI) | |
Age, year (continuous) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.98) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) |
Male | 2.59 (1.69 to 3.96) | 2.51 (1.37 to 4.59) | – | – | – | – |
Educational attainment† | ||||||
No formal schooling | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Some schooling | 3.59 (2.36 to 5.45) | 1.96 (1.16 to 3.32) | 3.11 (1.69 to 5.72) | 2.21 (1.16 to 4.21) | 2.79 (1.26 to 6.20) | – |
WC above normal‡ | 2.87 (1.84 to 4.47) | 1.95 (1.17 to 3.25) | 2.90 (1.62 to 5.19) | – | 3.71 (1.76 to 7.84) | 2.62 (1.15 to 5.94) |
Physical inactivity | 1.74 (1.18 to 2.58) | 2.35 (1.27 to 4.33) | 1.89 (1.16 to 3.07) | 1.77 (1.01 to 3.12) | 1.91 (0.94 to 3.89) | – |
Ever smoker | 0.99 (0.65 to 1.51) | 0.63 (0.37 to 1.06) | 0.49 (0.30 to 0.80) | 0.61 (0.36 to 1.04) | – | – |
Hypertension status and awareness§ | ||||||
With hypertension and unaware | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
With hypertension and aware | 2.10 (1.28 to 3.43) | 2.51 (1.44 to 4.39) | 2.35 (1.24 to 4.45) | 2.45 (1.21 to 4.94) | 2.17 (0.95 to 4.96) | 2.66 (1.09 to 6.46) |
With normal blood pressure | 0.71 (0.44 to 1.13) | 0.82 (0.49 to 1.37) | 0.83 (0.48 to 1.45) | 0.96 (0.52 to 1.74) | 0.41 (0.15 to 1.08) | 0.48 (0.17 to 1.31) |
Above normal refers to WC >90 cm in men and >80 cm in women.
Bold values indicate statistically significant
*Final model from backward stepwise selection method that included age, sex, traditional social group, educational attainment, occupation, waist circumference, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, health insurance, last time blood pressure (BP) was measured and distance travelled to health services.
†Nine observations missing.
‡Four observations missing.
§This group comprises 132 who are aware of their hypertension, 218 who are unaware of their hypertension and 291 with normal blood pressure.
WC, waist circumference.