Patient characteristics and comorbid conditions at hospital admission
| All strokes | Acute ischaemic stroke | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Stroke of undetermined pathology | |||||
| HF (n=15 397) | No HF (n=593 493) | HF (n=11 522) | No HF (n=359 005) | HF (n=2464) | No HF (n=170 772) | HF (n=1411) | No HF (n=63 716) | |
| Age | 66.97 (13.81) | 64.22 (13.71) | 67.49 (13.70) | 65.47 (13.24) | 63.69 (14.08) | 61.12 (14.28) | 68.46 (1.40) | 65.47 (13.41) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 6989 (45.40) | 328 328 (55.32) | 5174 (44.91) | 192 553 (53.64) | 1204 (48.86) | 102 204 (59.85) | 611 (43.30) | 33 571 (52.69) |
| Female | 8408 (54.61) | 265 165 (44.68) | 6348 (55.09) | 166 452 (46.36) | 1260 (51.14) | 68 568 (40.15) | 800 (56.70) | 30 145 (47.31) |
| Length of stay | 6 (3–12) | 3 (2–7) | 6 (3–12) | 3 (2–6) | 7 (3–19) | 5 (2–11) | 4 (2–8) | 3 (2–5) |
| Comorbidities on admission | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 8398 (54.54) | 289 539 (48.79) | 6037 (52.40) | 170 207 (47.41) | 1660 (67.37) | 93 184 (54.57) | 701 (49.68) | 26 148 (41.04) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3565 (23.15) | 100 563 (16.94) | 2729 (23.69) | 72 705 (20.25) | 538 (21.83) | 16 379 (9.59) | 298 (21.12) | 11 479 (18.02) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 3859 (25.06) | 139 704 (23.54) | 3180 (27.60) | 112 032 (31.21) | 390 (15.83) | 15 097 (8.84) | 289 (20.48)* | 12 575 (19.74)* |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 2400 (15.59) | 16 161 (2.72) | 1861 (16.15) | 12 196 (3.40) | 289 (11.73) | 2251 (1.32) | 250 (17.72) | 1714 (2.69) |
| Valvular disease | 1626 (10.56) | 8746 (1.47) | 1326 (11.51) | 7022 (1.96) | 174 (7.06) | 862 (0.50) | 126 (8.93) | 862 (1.35) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5075 (32.96) | 35 173 (5.93) | 4230 (36.71) | 29 240 (8.14) | 453 (18.38) | 2973 (1.74) | 392 (27.78) | 2960 (4.65) |
| Arrhythmia | 421 (2.73) | 4374 (0.74) | 331 (2.87) | 3259 (0.91) | 55 (2.23) | 657 (0.38) | 35 (2.48) | 458 (0.72) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 108 (0.70) | 1486 (0.25) | 85 (0.74) | 1067 (0.30) | 16 (0.65) | 316 (0.19) | 7 (0.50) | 103 (0.16) |
| Cancers | 103 (0.67)* | 3136 (0.53)* | 89 (0.77)* | 2094 (0.58)* | 10 (0.41)* | 753 (0.44)* | 4 (0.28)* | 289 (0.45)* |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 756 (4.91) | 10 131 (1.71) | 563 (4.89) | 6856 (1.91) | 107 (4.34) | 2126 (1.24) | 86 (6.09) | 1149 (1.80) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2085 (13.54) | 31 173 (5.25) | 1549 (13.44) | 21 167 (5.90) | 355 (14.41) | 6850 (4.01) | 181 (12.83) | 3156 (4.95) |
| Liver disease | 307 (1.99) | 7302 (1.23) | 222 (1.93) | 3597 (1.00) | 62 (2.52)* | 3149 (1.84)* | 23 (1.63) | 556 (0.87) |
| Anaemia | 2190 (14.22) | 39 809 (6.71) | 1547 (13.43) | 22 748 (6.34) | 476 (19.32) | 14 071 (8.24) | 167 (11.84) | 2990 (4.69) |
| Alcohol-related disorders | 92 (0.60) | 7129 (1.20) | 66 (0.57) | 3151 (0.88) | 22 (0.89) | 3485 (2.04) | 4 (0.28)* | 493 (0.77)* |
| Neurodegenerative disorders | 251 (1.63) | 5811 (0.98) | 213 (1.85) | 4695 (1.31) | 18 (0.73) | 607 (0.36) | 20 (1.42)* | 509 (0.80)* |
Continuous normally distributed variables (age) are presented as mean (SD), while continuous non-normal variables (length of stay) are presented as median (IQR). Categorical variables are presented as frequency (percentage). All between-group differences are statistically significant (p<0.01) unless otherwise specified.
*Between-group difference not statistically significant (p>0.01).
HF, heart failure.