Characteristics | Total (n=240) | Frail (n=120) | Non-frail (n=120) | P value* |
Female, n (%) | 103 (42.9) | 67 (55.8) | 36 (30.0) | <0.001 |
Age, years | 76.1±10 | 81.2±7.8 | 71.0±10 | <0.001 |
Weight, kg | 57.0 (48.4–64.9) | 52.5 (44.3–60.0) | 60.5 (53.5–67.0) | <0.001 |
CFS | 4.5 (3.0–6.0) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | <0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 147 (61.3) | 78 (65.0) | 69 (57.5) | 0.233 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 42 (17.5) | 22 (18.3) | 20 (16.7) | 0.734 |
Smoking, n (%) | 118 (49.2) | 49 (40.8) | 69 (57.5) | 0.010 |
Heart failure, n (%) | 101 (42.1) | 53 (44.2) | 48 (40.0) | 0.513 |
Bleeding history, n (%) | 14 (5.8) | 9 (7.5) | 5 (4.2) | 0.271 |
Stroke/TIA, n (%) | 103 (42.9) | 70 (58.3) | 33 (27.5) | <0.001 |
Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 126 (52.9) | 56 (46.7) | 70 (58.3) | 0.070 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–6) | 3 (2–4) | <0.001 |
HAS-BLED score | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | <0.001 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 17 (13–21) | 17 (12–21) | 16 (13–20) | 0.855 |
eGFR (mL/min/m2) | 63.8 (51.7–78.1) | 67.0 (51.8–82.6) | 62.7 (51.7–72.0) | 0.124 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 (3.1–4.0) | 3.3 (2.7–3.7) | 4.0 (3.5–4.2) | <0.001 |
Hb (mg/dL) | 12.9 (11.2–14.2) | 12.3 (10.7–13.3) | 13.7 (12.2–14.7) | <0.001 |
DOAC under-dosed (%) | 20 (8.3) | 8 (6.7) | 12 (10) | 0.350 |
DOAC over-dosed (%) | 13 (5.4) | 5 (4.2) | 8 (6.7) | 0.392 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 118 (49.2) | 56 (46.7) | 62 (51.7) | 0.439 |
ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 87 (36.3) | 38 (31.7) | 49 (40.8) | 0.140 |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, n (%) | 37 (15.4) | 23 (19.2) | 14 (11.7) | 0.108 |
Antiplatelet drugs, n (%) | 39 (16.3) | 19 (15.8) | 20 (16.7) | 0.861 |
Malignancy, n (%) | 20 (8.3) | 13 (10.8) | 7 (5.8) | 0.161 |
Values are presented as mean±SD, median (IQR) or n (%).
*P value for comparison between frail and non-frail from log-rank test.
ACE-I, ACE inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CFS, Clinical Frailty Scale; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.